The Golden Rule vs. The Silver Rule

The Silver Rule of the East
vs.
The Golden Rule of Jesus

Confucius was a man born around 550 B.C. who cared more about this present life, history, and government than deities and the afterlife (Corduan, 2012; Morgan, 2012). Confucius wanted through his teachings for people to enter back into the era of the golden age which took place long ago under the original ideal mythical emperors (Corduan, 2012). 

Confucius had a teaching called Jen which communicated having an “attitude of seeking the welfare of other people” (Corduan, 2012, p. 407). This attitude included caring for others and respecting their humanity, not interfering with their goals any more than we want others to interfere with our goals. Westerners have appropriately labeled Jen as the Silver Rule (Corduan, 2012; Morgan, 2012). “Do not do unto others what you do not want others to do unto you” (Analects 15:23; Corduan, 2012, p. 407). What is even more interesting is Buddhism says, “Hurt not others in ways that you yourself would find hurtful” (Udanavarga 5:18), and Hinduism says, “This is the sum of duty: do not do to others what would cause pain if done to you” (Mahabharata 5:1517).

Christianity has a rule which is known as the Golden Rule. It communicates what Jesus said on the Sermon on the Mount, “So whatever you wish that others would do to you, do also to them, for this is the Law and the Prophets” (Matthew 7:12). Jesus pulls this from Leviticus 19:18 which communicates for God’s people to love our neighbors as ourselves. Did Jesus copy this from Confucius, Buddhism, or Hinduism? Given the fact that Jesus pulls his teachings from Leviticus which was written around 1450 B.C., I highly doubt that is the case (Hartley, 1998; Rooker, 2000).

At first glance, it would seem that they are similar, but Jesus focuses on the positive in order to show love proactively. The Silver Rule of the East is stated negatively and relies on passivity. Jesus wants us to look for ways to treat others with respect, with love, and with positivity. Love is the unconditional difference within the Golden Rule compared to the Silver Rule of the East. Jesus’s love is so radical that He commands us to love our enemies (Exodus 23:4-5; Matthew 5:43-44) and is the mark of a true Christian (1 John 4:20; John 13:35). “The Silver Rule builds on thinking that your behavior is dependent on the behavior of the other person; her good deeds should be rewarded, but not her negative deeds” (Tullberg, 2015, p. 20). Just like all of Jesus’s other teachings during the Sermon on the Mount, He takes the Law of the Old Testament and elevates it to a more radical level. His Golden Rule is no exception to this case.

References

Corduan W. (2012). Neighboring faiths: A Christian introduction to world religions(2nd ed.). Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic.

Hartley, J. E. (1998). Leviticus (Vol. 4). Dallas: Word, Incorporated.

Morgan, G. R. (2012). Understanding world religions in 15 minutes a day. Minneapolis, MN: Bethany House Publishers.

Rooker, M. F. (2000). Leviticus (Vol. 3A). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers.

Tullberg, J. (2015). The golden rule of benevolence versus the silver rule of reciprocity. Journal of Religion & Business Ethics, 3(2), 1.

Paul's Faith vs Jame's Works

Paul's Faith vs Jame's Works

Is there a contradiction in the Bible? Some would argue and say, “Yes” there is one that I know of and it is that of Paul and James. Paul says, “ For we hold that one is justified by faith apart from works of the law (Romans 3:28) and also “Abraham believed in God, and it was counted to him as righteousness (Romans 4:3). James says something which seems completely opposite of Paul and says, “Was not Abraham our father justified by works when he offered up his son Isaac on the altar? You see that faith was active along with his works, and faith was completed by his works; and the Scripture was fulfilled that says, Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness—and he was called a friend of God. You see that a person is justified by works and not by faith alone [italics added] (James 2:21-24). So, the question, is a man justified by works or by faith?

What is amazing about these two men is that they both appeal to Abraham as their evidence of the point they are trying to make! Paul points out that salvation and justification is by faith alone and references Genesis 15:6 where James on the other hand points to the proof of that salvation in testing referring to Genesis 22:1. “The issue is the test: was Abraham's faith the living kind of faith that produces the obedience of faith or the dead kind that has no effect on life” (Piper, 1999). Paul taught the same proof of salvation being that the evidence is love (Galatians 5:6). John Calvin said, “It appears certain that [James] is speaking of the manifestation, not of the imputation of righteousness (Beveridge, 1966).

Paul’s point is that salvation is not earned by works and James point is the proof of salvation can be manifested and made know by your works. These two are not contradictory, but rather complementary. Just because one has lip service towards Christ does not mean that person is saved. A truly regenerated person will honor Christ with his lips but also back up his faith with love and works. This was simply the point James is trying to drive home that just because a person says he is a Christian does not mean anything! Even the demons believe and tremble (James 2:19). “Genuine trust involves not merely the mind but the whole person. Paul and James agree that authentic trust in Christ results in good works” (Elwell, & Yarbrough, 2013; Eph. 2:10; 1 Thess. 1:3).

McQuilkin and Copan (2014) sum up this difference beautifully, “The difference between Paul and James consists in the sequence of works and conversion: Paul denies that works have any merit for acceptance in God’s eyes before conversion; James is pleading for the absolute necessity of post-conversion works” (p. 166).

Paul and James or not contradictory but rather complementary on this issue. 

References

Beveridge, H. (1966) John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion 3:17:12. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2: 115.

Elwell, W. A., & Yarbrough, R. W. (2013).Encountering the New Testament: A historical and theological survey(3rd ed.). Grand Rapids: MI. Baker Academic.

McQuilkin, R., & Copan, P. (2014). An introduction to Biblical ethics: Walking in the way of wisdom (Third ed.). Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press. 

Piper, J. (2018). Does James contradict Paul? Retrieved from https://www.desiringgod.org/messages/does-james-contradict-paul

Why Does God Allow Evil, Pain & Suffering?

Why Does God Allow Evil, Pain & Suffering?

Theologians have come up with a term that deals with defending God who is good, loving, and all powerful but yet allows suffering (Sharpe, 2015). This term is known as Theodicy (Brooks & Neal, 2016; Cross & Livingstone, 2005). Etymology which is evil things that are morally wrong differs from Theodicy in that Theodicy is a defense for why evil exists even though we have an all-powerful, all knowing, and loving God (Brooks & Neal, 2016). Most people recognize that there are two primary evils in this world. Natural evil which is due to catastrophes such as Tsunamis, earthquakes, hurricanes, diseases, etc. The other evil would be moral evil which 9/11, murder, lying, cheating, etc. would fall into. I would also like to open the idea that there are two other possible types of evils, the spiritual evil and also the eternal evil. If you believe in an open universe where the spiritual side can come into the physical (Hiles & Smith, 2015), then there are spiritual evils we have to guard ourselves against (Ephesians 6:10-20 ESV). A Christian also believes in an eternal evil where evil will last eternity still in Hell (Revelation 20:10-14).  

Although we can point and easily say that such tragedies like 9/11 and Tsunamis are a direct result of the fall (Romans 6:23 & Romans 5:12) and that the fall affected God’s entire creation and not just man (Romans 8:22), we still are at another conundrum of why on Earth evil exists in the first place? St. Augustine of Hippo once came up with the idea that evil is merely the absence of goodness and was not created by God (Brooks & Neal, 2016). Just like darkness is the absence of light, light was created by God (Genesis 1:3) but darkness was not, it is simply the lack of light that God created. Evil is therefore not a created thing and therefore not created by God. So why does God allow it then? I would suggest that God did not create evil, but He willed it, and ordained it all for His Glory. We see this over and over again throughout the Bible. The story of Job is a man who has to suffer horrible evil, but God allows it in Jobs life and works it together for good somehow. Jesus also gives us another example of a blind man. In John 9:1–3 it says, “As he [Jesus] passed by, he saw a man blind from birth. And his disciples asked him, “Rabbi, who sinned, this man or his parents, that he was born blind?” Jesus answered, “It was not that this man sinned, or his parents, but that the works of God might be displayed in him.” With all the evil that Pharaoh did to Israel God said of him, “For the Scripture says to Pharaoh, For this very purpose I have raised you up, that I might show my power in you, and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth” (Romans 9:17). The most horrific evil of all human history which was Jesus’s crucifixion was used by God from the foundation of the world to provide a way of atonement for humanity (Revelation 13:8).

Regardless of what view you hold for Theodicy, my reaction to such evil in this world helps me live my life for God with a hope and a future of restoration back to God’s original creation. This would be without sin, death, suffering, pain or evil (Revelation 21:4). Here are a few reasons that I once wrote to my mom who is suffering horrendously of several auto-immune diseases:

Why is their suffering, pain, and evil in this life?

1. To manifest our true spiritual character: God allows suffering to show us how deep our faith is when a crisis hits. Look at the story of Job or Paul in his thorn in the flesh. You learn a lot from a man when he suffers rather than when things are going well (James 1:2-4; Romans 5:3-5). Deuteronomy 13:3 says, “for the LORD your God is testing you to find out if you love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul.”

2. God uses suffering and trials to humble us: Paul says it in 2 Corinthians 12:7, "To keep it from exalting myself." Paul went to heaven at one point in his life and came back, but told everyone that his thorn in his flesh was to humble himself. God did this so he would not boast. Sometimes we may get carried away with our faith and think we know it all or maybe think we are higher than another believer if we go through certain things. God does not want this for us in our lives so he may bring or allow hardship to humble us.
   

3. God uses suffering and trials to show us His Grace: God tells Paul in 2 Corinthians 12:9 "My Grace is sufficient for you.” Sometimes we tend to want what we think we need in this world. All too many times it is not what God wants for us in our lives, and in difficult times God may tell us this very same thing and make us come to realize how great God's Grace is. “For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways, declares the LORD. As the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways and my thoughts than your thoughts” (Isaiah 55:8-9).
   

4. God uses suffering and trials to draw us to Him: Paul went to God three times to ask him to take away his thorn in the flesh (2 Corinthians 12:8). Sometimes if everything is going great in our lives, we tend to forget about God or go to church less, pray less, and study God's word less. With trials in our lives, it brings us to our knees, and it leads us to prayer, deep meaningful prayer, deep study of God's Word, and fellowship with other believers (Psalm 25:16-18).
   

5. God uses suffering and trials to perfect His Power: God says My power is perfected in weakness (2 Corinthians 12:9). God wants us to the point where we have no self-confidence, no self-esteem so we know it is all God.
   

6. God will use suffering and trials in our lives to comfort one another: We see an example of this when Jesus tells Peter that once he comes out of this trial, he will need to strengthen his brothers (Luke 22:31). We also see in 2 Corinthians 1:4 that since God has comforted us in our troubles, we then can now comfort others.
   

7. God will use suffering or trials in our life so that the work of God might be displayed: Jesus said in John 9:1-3, "As He passed by, He saw a man blind from birth. And His disciples asked Him, Rabbi, who sinned, this man or his parents, that he would be born blind? Jesus answered, It was neither that this man sinned, nor his parents; but it was so that the works of God might be displayed in him." Sometimes God will allow trials and suffering to bring Glory to his name.
   

8. God will use suffering or trials to give us more of an affection to think about our eternal destiny (Psalms 121; Romans 8:18): As we are going through hardship, trials, difficulties, and suffering we know that none of these things will be in Heaven and that just makes us realize how great God is and how wonderful Heaven will be. In 2 Corinthians 4:18 Paul says, "While we look not at the things which are seen, but at the things which are not seen; for the things which are seen are temporal, but the things which are not seen are eternal."
   

9. Sometimes we will suffer or go through a trial because it is a consequence of a bad decision: It says in Galatians 6:7 that, “We will reap what we sow.” Also in Hebrews 12:7-11 it says, “It is for discipline that you have to endure. God is treating you as sons. For what son is there whom his father does not discipline? If you are left without discipline, in which all have participated, then you are illegitimate children and not sons."
   

10. Lastly, if you are going through suffering or a trial then you will know you’re a child of God: You see this throughout scripture, but some examples of this are found in Hebrews 12:6 & 2 Timothy 3:12.

References

Brooks, P., & Neal, D. A. (2016). Theodicy. In J. D. Barry, D. Bomar, D. R. Brown, R. Klippenstein, D. Mangum, C. Sinclair Wolcott, … W. Widder (Eds.), The Lexham Bible Dictionary. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press.

Cross, F. L., & Livingstone, E. A. (Eds.). (2005). In the Oxford dictionary of the Christian Church (3rd ed. rev., p. 1609). Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.

Hiles, J. S. & Smith, A. F. (2015). Introduction: A starting point for wisdom. In A. DiVincenzo (Ed.), The beginning of wisdom: An introduction to Christian thought and life. Available from http://lc.gcumedia.com/cwv101/the-beginning-of-wisdom-an-introduction-to-christian-thought-and-life/v2.1/#/chapter/2

Sharpe, J. (2015). Experiential obstacles to wisdom. In A. DiVincenzo (Ed.), The beginning of wisdom: An introduction to Christian thought and life. Available from http://lc.gcumedia.com/cwv101/the-beginning-of-wisdom-an-introduction-to-christian-thought-and-life/v2.1/#/chapter/9